1. Whakamātautau me te Tātaritanga Ariā
O ngā mea e 3ngā takirere potaengā tauira i whakaratohia e te kamupene, e 2 he takirere, ā, ko tētahi he takirere kāore anō kia whakamahia. Mō A me B, ko te takirere kāore anō kia whakamahia kua tohua he hina. Pikitia Whānui 1. He papaku te mata o waho o te takirere A, ko te mata o waho o te takirere B te mata, ko te mata o waho o te takirere C te mata, ā, ko te mata o waho o te takirere C te mata. Kua kapi ngā takirere A me B i ngā hua waikura. Kua pakaru te takirere A me B i ngā piko, ko te taha o waho o te piko kei te taha o te takirere, kua pakaru te waha o te mowhiti takirere B ki te pito, ā, kua tohua te pere mā i waenganui i ngā mata pakaru i runga i te mata o te takirere A. Mai i runga ake nei, kei ngā wāhi katoa ngā pakaru, ko ngā pakaru te mea nui rawa atu, ā, kei ngā wāhi katoa ngā pakaru.
He wāhanga o tetakirere potaeI tapahia ngā tauira A, B, me C mai i te piko, ā, i tirohia te āhua o te mata me te karu hiko matawai ZEISS-SUPRA55, ā, i tātarihia te hanganga moroiti ki te EDS. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 (a) i te hanganga moroiti o te mata takirere B. Ka kitea he maha ngā matūriki mā, kanapa hoki i runga i te mata (e tohuhia ana e ngā pere mā i te pikitia), ā, he nui te ihirangi S i roto i te tātari EDS o ngā matūriki mā. Kei te Pikitia 2(b) ngā hua tātari whānuitanga pūngao o ngā matūriki mā.
Ko ngā Pikitia 2 (c) me (e) ngā hanganga moroiti o te mata o te takirere B. E kitea ana i te Pikitia 2 (c) kua tata kapi katoa te mata i ngā hua waikura, ā, ko ngā huānga waikura o ngā hua waikura e te tātaritanga whānuitanga pūngao ko te nuinga ko te S, te Cl me te O, he teitei ake te ihirangi o te S i ngā tūranga takitahi, ā, ko ngā hua tātaritanga whānuitanga pūngao e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2(d). E kitea ana i te Pikitia 2(e) he moroiti-kapiti kei te taha o te mowhiti takirere i runga i te mata o te takirere A. Ko ngā Pikitia 2(f) me (g) ngā moroiti-āhua o te mata o te takirere C, kua kapi katoa hoki te mata i ngā hua waikura, ā, kei roto hoki i ngā huānga waikura te S, te Cl me te O, he rite ki te Pikitia 2(e). Ko te take o te pakaru ko te pakaru waikura ahotea (SCC) mai i te tātaritanga hua waikura i runga i te mata takirere. Ko te Pikitia 2(h) anō hoki te hanganga moroiti o te mata o te takirere C. Ka kitea he ma te mata, ā, he rite te hanganga matū o te mata i tātarihia e te EDS ki te koranu parahi, e tohu ana kāore te takirere i waikura. Mā te whakataurite i te āhua moroiti me te hanganga matū o ngā mata takirere e toru, ka whakaatuhia he pāpāho waikura pērā i te S, O me te Cl i roto i te taiao e karapoti ana.
I whakatuwheratia te kapiti o te takirere B mā te whakamātautau piko, ā, i kitea kāore te kapiti i uru ki te wāhanga katoa o te takirere, i pakaru i te taha o te piko o muri, ā, kāore i pakaru i te taha e anga atu ana ki te piko o muri o te takirere. E whakaatu ana te tirohanga tirohanga o te whati he pōuri te tae o te whati, e tohu ana kua waikura te whati, ā, he pōuri te tae o ētahi wāhanga o te whati, e tohu ana he nui ake te waikura i ēnei wāhanga. I kitea te whati o te takirere B i raro i te karu hiko matawai, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 3 (a) i te āhua nui o te whati takirere B. Ka kitea kua kapi te whati o waho e tata ana ki te takirere i ngā hua waikura, e tohu ana anō i te noho mai o ngā mea waikura i roto i te taiao e karapoti ana. E ai ki te tātaritanga whānuitanga pūngao, ko ngā wāhanga matū o te hua waikura ko te nuinga o te S, Cl me te O, ā, he nui te ihirangi o te S me te O, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3(b). I te tirotiro i te mata whati, i kitea ko te tauira tipu o te kapiti kei te taha o te momo tioata. Ka kitea hoki te tini o ngā kapiti tuarua mā te mātakitaki i te whati i ngā whakanuinga teitei ake, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3(c). Kua tohua ngā kapiti tuarua ki ngā pere mā i roto i te pikitia. Ko ngā hua waikura me ngā tauira tipu kapiti i runga i te mata whati e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga o te pakaru waikura ahotea.
Kāore anō kia whakatuwheratia te whati o te takirere A, tangohia tētahi wāhanga o te takirere (tae atu ki te tūranga pakaru), hurihia, whakakanapahia te wāhanga tuaka o te takirere, ā, whakamahia te otinga Fe Cl3 (5 g) +HCl (50 mL) + C2H5OH (100 mL) hei whakairo, ā, i kitea te hanganga whakarewa me te āhua tipu o te pakaru me te karuārai mā te karuārai whatu Zeiss Axio Observer A1m. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 4 (a) i te hanganga whakarewa o te takirere, he hanganga wāhanga-rua α+β, ā, he āhua pai, he kirikiri hoki te β, ā, kua horapa ki runga i te matihiko wāhanga-α. Kei te whakaatuhia ngā tauira horapa pakaru i ngā pakaru porowhita i te Pikitia 4(a), (b). Nā te mea kua kī tonu ngā mata pakaru i ngā hua waikura, he whānui te āputa i waenganui i ngā mata pakaru e rua, ā, he uaua ki te wehewehe i ngā tauira horapa pakaru. He maha ngā pakaru tuarua (kua tohua ki ngā pere mā i te pikitia) i kitea anō hoki i runga i tēnei pakaru tuatahi, tirohia te Pikitia 4(c), ā, i horapa ēnei pakaru tuarua i te taha o te witi. I tirohia te tauira takirere whakairo mā te SEM, ā, i kitea he maha ngā kapiti moroiti i ētahi atu tūranga e whakarara ana ki te kapiti matua. I ahu mai ēnei kapiti moroiti i te mata, ā, i whānui ki roto o te takirere. He wehenga rua ngā kapiti, ā, i toro atu i te taha o te kākano, tirohia te Pikitia 4 (c), (d). He tata rite te taiao me te āhua ahotea o ēnei kapiti moroiti ki ērā o te kapiti matua, nō reira ka taea te whakatau ko te āhua horapa o te kapiti matua he ā-pūtoru hoki, e whakaūtia ana hoki e te kitenga whati o te takirere B. Ko te āhuatanga wehenga rua o te kapiti e whakaatu ana anō i ngā āhuatanga o te pakaru waikura ahotea o te takirere.
2. Tātaritanga me te Kōrero
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka taea te whakatau ko te pakaru o te takirere i puta mai i te pakaru waikura ahotea i puta mai i te SO2. Ko te pakaru waikura ahotea me tutuki i te nuinga o te wā e toru ngā āhuatanga: (1) ngā rauemi e pāngia ana e te waikura ahotea; (2) te waikura e pāngia ana e ngā koranu parahi; (3) ētahi āhuatanga ahotea.
E whakaponohia whānuitia ana kāore ngā konganuku parakore e pāngia e te waikura ahotea, ā, he rerekē te kaha o ngā koranu katoa ki te waikura ahotea. Mō ngā rauemi parahi, e whakaponohia whānuitia ana he nui ake te kaha o te hanganga takirua-wāhanga ki te waikura ahotea i te hanganga kotahi-wāhanga. Kua pūrongohia i roto i ngā tuhinga, ina neke atu i te 20% te nui o te Zn i roto i te rauemi parahi, he nui ake te kaha o te waikura ahotea, ā, ki te teitei ake te nui o te Zn, ka nui ake te kaha o te waikura ahotea. Ko te hanganga whakarewa o te pūwero hau i tēnei take he koranu takirua-wāhanga α+β, ā, ko te nui o te Zn he tata ki te 35%, he nui atu i te 20%, nō reira he tino kaha ki te waikura ahotea, ā, ka tutuki i ngā tikanga rauemi e hiahiatia ana mō te pakaru waikura ahotea.
Mō ngā rauemi parahi, ki te kore e mahia te whakamahana i te ahotea i muri i te whakarerekētanga o te mahi matao, ka puta te waikura ahotea i raro i ngā āhuatanga ahotea me ngā taiao waikura e tika ana. Ko te ahotea e puta ai te pakaru o te waikura ahotea ko te ahotea kume ā-rohe, ka taea te whakamahi i te ahotea, te ahotea toenga rānei. I muri i te pupuhi o te potae taraka, ka puta te ahotea kume i te taha o te pūwero hau nā te pēhanga teitei i roto i te potae, ka puta ai ngā pakaru porowhita i roto i te pūwero hau. Ka taea te tatau ngāwari i te ahotea kume i puta mai i te pēhanga ā-roto o te potae i runga i te σ=p R/2t (ko p te pēhanga ā-roto o te potae, ko R te diameter o roto o te takirere, ā, ko t te matotoru o te pakitara o te takirere). Heoi, i te nuinga o te wā, kāore i te nui rawa te ahotea kume i puta mai i te pēhanga ā-roto o te potae, ā, me whakaaro ki te pānga o te ahotea toenga. Kei te piko whakamuri ngā tūranga pakaru o ngā pūwero hau katoa, ā, he mārama he nui te whakarerekētanga toenga i te piko whakamuri, ā, he ahotea kume toenga kei reira. Ina hoki, i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga koranu parahi mahi, he onge te pakaru o te waikura ahotea nā ngā ahotea hoahoa, ā, ko te nuinga o ēnei he mea nā ngā ahotea toenga kāore e kitea, e warewarehia rānei. I tēnei wā, i te piko whakamuri o te takirere, ko te ahunga o te ahotea kume i hangaia e te pēhanga ā-roto o te potae he rite ki te ahunga o te ahotea toenga, ā, ko te taupatupatu o ēnei ahotea e rua ka whakarato i te āhua ahotea mō te SCC.
3. Whakamutunga me ngā Whakaaro
Whakatau:
Te pakaru o tetakirere potaeko te pakaru o te waikura ahotea i hua mai i te SO2 te take matua.
Whakaaro
(1) Whaia te pūtake o te waikura i roto i te taiao huri noa i tetakirere potae, ā, ngana kia kaua e pā tika ki te waikura e karapoti ana. Hei tauira, ka taea te pani i tētahi paparanga ārai-waikura ki te mata o te takirere.
(2) Ka taea te whakakore i te ahotea kume toenga o te mahi matao mā roto i ngā tukanga tika, pērā i te whakamahana i te ahotea i muri i te piko.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-23-2022
