Whakarāpopototanga
E tohu ana te tātaritanga ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te piri i waenga i te pūwero o roto me tetakirereKo te nuinga o te wā ko te whakahaere me te tiaki i te takirere, te whakatakotoranga rapa o roto me te piki me te heke o te kounga, te whakahaere whakamomona i te papa rapa o roto o te takirere, te whakahaere tukanga me te taiao whakaputa, te whakapumau i te papa rapa o roto me te whakamomona i te ngongo o roto, me ētahi atu, mā te whakahaere tika me te tiaki i ngā takirere, te whakahaere i te whakatakotoranga matū o te ngongo o roto me ngā piki me te heke o te kounga, te whakaū i ngā tikanga whakamomona i te papa rapa o roto o te takirere, te whakahaere tukanga tino pakari me te tiaki taiao, te whakapumau i te papa rapa o roto o te takirere me te whakamomona i te ngongo o roto kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te tikanga tukanga me ētahi atu mahi ka taea te whakapai ake i te piri i waenga i te rapa o roto o te takirere me te takirere me te whakarite i te kounga o te ngongo o roto.
1. Te pānga me te whakahaere i te maimoatanga me te tiaki i te pūwero takirere ki te piri
Tetakirere potaeHe wāhanga nui o te ngongo o roto. He mea hanga ki te parahi te nuinga, ā, e honoa ana ki te tinana o te ngongo o roto katoa mā te papa rapa o te pūwero o roto. Ko te piri i waenga i te pūwero o roto me te takirere e pā tika ana ki te mahi haumaru me te roa o te mahi o te ngongo o roto, nō reira me whakarite kia tutuki te piri ki ngā whakaritenga paerewa. I roto i te tukanga hanga ngongo o roto, ka haere i roto i ngā tukanga pēnei i te tango i te takirere, te horoi, te whakamaroke, te whakarite i te papa rapa o roto o te pūwero, te papa rapa me te whakamomona i te takirere i roto i te pokepoke kotahi, me ētahi atu. Paraia te kāpia, whakamarokehia, ka whakapiri ki runga i te ngongo ngongo o roto kua pokaia kia whakamomonatia rā anō he ngongo o roto kua tohua. Mai i te tukanga whakaputa, ka taea te tātari ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te piri i waenga i te pūwero o roto me te takirere ko te tukatuka me te tiaki takirere, te hanganga rapa o roto o te pūwero me ngā rerekētanga kounga, te whakahaere whakamomona i te papa rapa o roto o te pūwero, te mahi tukanga me te taiao whakaputa, te rapa o roto o te pūwero. Mō te whakapiri i ngā papa me te whakamomona i te ngongo o roto, ka taea te mahi i ngā mahi e rite ana hei whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga awe o runga ake nei, ā, hei whakatutuki i te whāinga o te whakapai ake i te piri i waenga i te pūwero o roto me te takirere, me te whakarite hoki i te kounga o te ngongo o roto.
1.1 Ngā āhuatanga awe
Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te piri o te takirere me te pūwero o roto ko te whiriwhiri i te rauemi parahi hei tukatuka i te takirere, te whakahaere i te tukanga tukatuka, me te tukatuka me te tiaki i te takirere i mua i te whakamahinga.
Ko te rauemi parahi mō te tukatuka i te takirere e whiriwhiria ana ko te parahi he 67% ki te 72% te nui o te parahi, ā, he 28% ki te 33% te nui o te konutea. He pai ake te piri o te takirere kua tukatukahia ki tēnei momo hanganga ki te rapa. Mēnā he nui ake te nui o te parahi i te 80%, he iti iho rānei i te 55%, ka tino heke te piri ki te matū rapa.
Mai i te rauemi parahi ki te takirere kua oti, me tapahi i te pae parahi, te whakamahana i te pāmahana teitei, te tā, te whakamatao, te miihini me ētahi atu tukanga, nō reira kei reira ētahi poke, waikura rānei i runga i te mata o te takirere kua oti; ki te roa rawa te tūnga o te takirere kua oti, ki te nui rawa rānei te haumākū o te taiao, ka nui rawa atu te waikura o te mata.
Hei whakakore i ngā poke, i ngā waikura rānei i runga i te mata o te takirere kua oti te hanga, me rumaki te takirere ki tētahi hanganga kua tohua (ko te waikawa whanariki te tikanga, ko te waikawa hauota, ko te wai whakapūkara, ko te wai whakakore kohuke rānei) me tētahi otinga waikawa kukū mō tētahi wā i mua i te whakamahinga. Mēnā kāore te hanganga me te kukū o te otinga waikawa me te wā rumaki e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kua tohua, ka heke pea te pānga maimoatanga o te takirere.
Tangohia te takirere i maimoatia ki te waikawa, ka horoia te waikawa ki te wai ma. Ki te kore te otinga waikawa e maimoatia pai, e horoia rānei kia ma, ka pā ki te piri i waenga i te takirere me te matū rapa.
Whakamarokehia te takirere kua horoia ki te tauera, me ētahi atu mea, ka maka ki roto i te oumu kia maroke i te wā tika. Mena ka roa ake te wā e whakaatuhia ana te takirere kua rongoatia ki te waikawa, ā, ka rongoatia mō te wā roa atu i te wā kua tohua i roto i te tukanga, ka puta te tauhohenga waikura ki te mata o te takirere, ā, ka ngāwari te hoki mai o te makuku, te piri rānei ki te puehu, ki te hinu, me ētahi atu mea; ki te kore e horoia kia ma, ka noho ki runga i te mata o te takirere i muri i te maroke. Ka puta he paru wai, ā, ka pā ki te piri i waenga i te takirere me te rapa; ki te kore e tino maroke, ka pā hoki te makuku toenga i runga i te mata o te takirere ki te piri o te takirere.
Me rongoa te takirere maroke ki roto i tētahi whakamaroke wai kia maroke ai te mata o te takirere. Mēnā he nui rawa te haumākū o te wāhi rokiroki, he roa rawa rānei te wā rokiroki, tera pea ka waikura te mata o te takirere, ka mimiti rānei i te makuku, ka pā ki te piri ki te matū rapa.
1.2 Ngā mahi whakahaere
Ka taea te mahi i ēnei mahi hei whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga awe kua whakahuatia ake nei:
(1) Whakamahia he mea parahi he pai te piri ki te rapa hei tukatuka i te takirere, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te mea parahi he nui ake te ihirangi parahi i te 80%, i raro iho rānei i te 55%.
(2) Kia tino rite te hanga o ngā takirere o te puranga kotahi me te whakatakotoranga ki te rauemi kotahi, kia rite hoki te tapahi, te pāmahana whakamahana, te pēhanga tā, te wā whakamatao, te mīhini, te taiao tūnga me te wā, kia iti ai te whakawhiti rauemi me te tukanga tukatuka. He iti ake te piri o te rauemi.
(3) Whakanuia te kaha o te takirere ki te kimi, i runga i te ōwehenga o te 0.3% o te tauira, ki te kitea he rerekētanga, ka taea te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga tauira.
(4) Kia mau tonu te hanganga me te ōwehenga o te otinga waikawa mō te maimoatanga waikawa o te takirere, ā, kia whakahaerea te wā e rumakina ai te takirere ki roto i te otinga waikawa hou me te otinga waikawa kua whakamahia anō kia tino rongoatia ai te takirere.
(5) Horoia te takirere kua rongoatia ki te waikawa ki te wai, whakamarokehia ki te tauera, ki te kakahu maroke rānei e kore e tango i ngā paru, ka maka ki roto i te oumu kia maroke i te wā tika.
(6) I muri i te maroke, me tirotirohia ngā takirere takitahi. Mena he ma, he kanapa te turanga, ā, kāore he paru wai e kitea ana, ko te tikanga he pai te maimoatanga, ā, me rongoa ki roto i te mīhini whakamaroke, engari kaua e neke atu i te 36 hāora te roa o te rokiroki; ki te whero kakariki, kōwhai pouri me ētahi atu tae te turanga takirere, he paru wai, he paru rānei e kitea ana, ko te tikanga kāore i tino pai te maimoatanga, ā, me horoi anō.
2. Te awe me te whakahaere i te tauira kāpia o roto o te pūwero me te pikinga o te kounga ki te piri
2.1 Ngā āhuatanga awe
Te awe o te tauira o te pūwero o roto me te rerekētanga o te kounga o te rapa ki te piri o tetakirere rapae whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
Mena he iti te ihirangi kāpia o te pūwero o roto, ā, he maha ngā whakakī, ka iti te rere o te rapa; ki te kore e tika te whiriwhiri i te momo me te momo whakatere, ka pā tika ki te piri i waenga i te pūwero o roto me te takirere; Ka taea e te waikura konutea te whakapai ake i te piri o te pūwero o roto, engari ki te nui rawa te rahi o te matūriki, ā, he nui rawa te ihirangi poke, ka iti te piri; ki te puta te whanariki i roto i te pūwero o roto, ka whakangaromia te horapa ōrite o te whanariki i roto i te pūwero o roto, ka whakaiti i te piri o te mata rapa.
Mena ka rerekē te pūtake me te puranga o te rapa mata e whakamahia ana i roto i te ranunga o roto o te pūhui, kāore i te pumau te kounga o te matū whakaranu, ka rerekē rānei te pūtake, ka poto te wā wera o te ranunga rapa, he iti te kirihou, ā, he koretake te ranunga nā ngā take whakahaere, ka puta katoa te ranunga o roto o te pūhui. Ka rerekē te kounga, ka pā ki te piri i waenga i te rapa o roto o te pūhui me te takirere.
I te wa e hangaia ana te kiriata rapa o roto, ki te kore e ranea te maha o nga wa whakamahana wera, a he iti te thermoplasticity, ka kore e pumau te rahi o te kiriata extruded, he nui te ngawari me te iti o te kirihou, ka pa ki te rere o te rapa me te whakaiti i te kaha piri; ki te nui ake te kiriata rapa o roto i te wa rokiroki kua tohua e te tukanga ka hua te hukapapa o te kiriata ka pa ki te piri; ki te poto rawa te wa waka, kaore e taea te whakaora i te ahua ngoikore o te kiriata i raro i te mahi a te ahotea miihini, ka pa ano hoki te rere me te piri o te rauemi rapa.
2.2 Ngā mahi whakahaere
Ka mahia ngā mahi whakahaere e rite ana i runga i te awe o te tauira o te pūwero o roto me te pikinga o te kounga o te rapa ki te piri:
(1) Hei whakapai ake i te hanganga o te pūwero o roto, me whakahaere tika te nui o te rapa o roto, arā, kia mau tonu te rere me te piri o te rapa, me te whakahaere hoki i te utu whakaputa. Whakahaerehia te rahi o te matūriki me te nui o te poke o te konutea waikura, whakahaeretia te pāmahana whakamomona o te pūwero o roto, ngā mahi whakahaere me te wā tū o te rapa kia mau tonu ai te ōrite o te whanariki i roto i te rapa.
(2) Hei whakarite i te pumau o te kounga o te matū rapa i roto i te pūwero o roto, me whakarite te pūtake o te rapa mata me ngā matū whakaranu, me whakaiti i ngā huringa puranga; me tino whakahaere te whakahaere tukanga kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga paerewa o ngā taputapu; kia ōrite te horapa me te pumau i roto i te matū rapa; kia tino whakaranua, kia piri, kia rongoatia, kia whakahaerea te pāmahana kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga kounga i te wā wera me te ngāwari o te matū rapa.
I te hanga i te kiriata rapa o roto o te pūwero, me whakamahi ngā rauemi rapa i roto i te raupapa; me rite te whakamahine wera me te whakamahine pai, me whakarite te maha o ngā wā o te whakapiri, me werohia te maripi tapahi; me whakahaere te wā tūnga kiriata pūwero o roto i roto i te 1 ~ 24 hāora, kia kore ai e kore e ora ake te rauemi rapa i te ngenge nā te poto o te wā tūnga.
3. Te awe me te whakahaere i te whakamomona o te papa rapa o roto o te waha ki te piri
Ko te whiriwhiri i te takirere o ngā rauemi e tika ana, me te whakahaere me te penapena kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga, me te pupuri i te hanganga tika o te rapa o roto me te pumau o te kounga te pūtake hei whakarite i te piri i waenga i te rapa o roto me te takirere, ā, ko te whakamomona i te papa rapa o roto me te takirere (arā, te pūwero rapa) te mea nui hei whakarite i te piri.
3.1 Ngā āhuatanga awe
Ko te awe o te whakamomona o te pūwero ki te piri i waenga i te pūwero o roto me te takirere e whakaatahia ana i roto i te nui o te whakakī o te matū rapa me te whakahaere i te pēhanga, te pāmahana me te wā whakamomona.
Ina whakamomonahia te pūwero rapa, ka whakanohoia te pūwero takirere me te kiriata rapa pūwero o roto ki roto i te pokepokea motuhake mō te pūwero rapa. Mena he nui rawa te rahinga whakakī o te rauemi rapa (arā, he nui rawa, he matotoru rawa rānei te horahanga o te kiriata rapa pūwero o roto), i muri i te katinga o te pokepokea, ka taupokina te rauemi rapa taikaha ki te pokepokea hei hanga i te taha rapa, ka kore noa e waiho hei para, engari ka kore hoki e kati tika te pokepokea, ka puta he papa rapa. Kāore i te matotoru, ā, ka pā ki te piri i waenga i te rapa pūwero o roto me te takirere; ki te iti rawa te rahinga whakakī o te rauemi rapa (arā, he iti rawa, he angiangi rawa rānei te horahanga o te kiriata rapa pūwero o roto), i muri i te katinga o te pokepokea, kāore e taea e te rauemi rapa te whakakī i te kōhao pokepokea, ka whakaiti tika i te piri i waenga i te pūwero o roto me te takirere.
Ka pā te iti o te whanariki me te nui rawa o te whanariki o te pūwero ki te piri o te pūwero o roto me te takirere. Ko te wā whakamomona he tawhā tukanga e whakatauhia ana i runga i te rapa i whakamahia i roto i te pūwero, te pāmahana mamaoa me te pēhanga piri. Kāore e taea te whakarerekē i te wā e hiahia ana koe ina noho tonu ētahi atu tawhā; heoi, ka taea te whakarite tika ina rerekē te pāmahana mamaoa me te pēhanga piri. , hei whakakore i te awe o ngā huringa tawhā.
3.2 Ngā mahi whakahaere
Hei whakakore i te awe o te tukanga whakamomona o te pūwero ki te piri i waenga i te pūwero o roto me te takirere, me tatau te nui o te rapa e whakamahia ana mō te whakamomona o te pūwero kia rite ki te rōrahi o te kōhao pokepokea ai, ā, me whakarerekē te horahanga me te matotoru o te kiriata pūwero o roto kia rite ki te mahi tuturu o te rapa. Kia tika ai te nui o te whakakī rapa.
Kia tino whakahaeretia te pēhanga whakamomona, te pāmahana me te wā o te pūwero, ā, kia rite te mahi whakamomona. Ko te whakamomona o te pūwero ka mahia i runga i te pūwero papatahi, ā, me pumau te pēhanga o te pūwero whakamomona. Me āta ārai te paipa mamaoa whakamomona, ā, ki te whakaaetia e ngā āhuatanga, me tāuta he tāke rokiroki mamaoa iti, he tāke rokiroki mamaoa rānei me te rahinga e tika ana hei whakarite i te pumau o te pēhanga me te pāmahana o te mamaoa. Ki te whakaaetia e ngā āhuatanga, mā te whakamahi i te mana whakahaere aunoa whakamomona ōrite ka taea te whakakore i ngā pānga kino i puta mai i ngā huringa o ngā tawhā pēnei i te pēhanga kume me te pāmahana whakamomona.
4. Te awe me te whakahaere i te mahi tukanga me te taiao whakaputa ki te piri
Haunga ngā hononga o runga ake nei, ko ngā huringa katoa, ko ngā koretake rānei o te tukanga whakahaere me te taiao ka pā ki te piri o te pūwero o roto me te takirere.
4.1 Ngā āhuatanga awe
Ko te awe o te mahi tukanga ki te piri i waenga i te rapa o roto me te takirere e whakaatahia ana i roto i te rerekētanga i waenga i te mahi me te paerewa o te papa rapa takirere i roto i te tukanga whakaputa.
Ina tukuna te takirere ki te maimoatanga waikawa, kāore te kaiwhakahaere e mau karapu e hiahiatia ana hei whakahaere, ka ngawari te poke o te takirere; ina rumakina te takirere ki te waikawa, ka kore e ōrite te nekehanga, ka kore rānei e tika te whakahaere wā. Ka he te rapa o roto i te tukanga o te whakamahine wera, te whakaputa angiangi, te pēhi papa, te rokiroki, me ētahi atu, ka puta he rerekētanga o te kounga o te kiriata; ina whakamomonahia te rapa o roto me te takirere, ka he te pokepokea ai te takirere rānei; ka puta he hapa i roto i te whakahaere wā i te pāmahana, te pēhanga me te pāmahana i te wā whakamomona. Ina whakamomonahia te takirere whakamomona i te raro me te taha o te papa rapa, ka kore e ōrite te hohonu, ka kore e horoia te paura rapa, ā, ka paraitia te whakapiri kāpia, me ētahi atu, ka pā ki te piri i waenga i te rapa o roto me te takirere.
Ko te awe o te taiao whakaputa ki te piri i waenga i te rapa o roto me te takirere e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te mea he paru hinu me te puehu i roto i ngā wāhanga me ngā wāhi e pa ana ki te takirere me te rapa/pepa o roto o te takirere, ka poke te takirere me te rapa/pepa o roto o te takirere; Ko te makuku o te taiao mahi e nui ake ana i te paerewa, ka mimiti te takirere me te rapa/pepa o roto i te makuku, ka pā ki te piri o te takirere me te rapa o roto o te takirere.
4.2 Ngā mahi whakahaere
Mō te rerekētanga i waenga i te mahi tukanga me te paerewa, me mahi:
Ina tukuna te takirere ki te maimoatanga waikawa, me mau karapu ma te kaiwhakahaere kia rite ki ngā ture; ina rumakina te takirere ki te waikawa, me huri kia ōrite; rumakina ki te wai waikawa hou mō te 2-3 hēkona, kātahi ka roa ake te wā rumakina; i muri i te tango mai i te wai, horoia tonutia ki te wai mō te 30 meneti kia tino horoia; me muru te takirere i muri i te horoinga ki te tauera ma e kore e tango i ngā paru, kātahi ka maka ki roto i te oumu kia maroke mō te 20 ki te 30 meneti. meneti; kaua te takirere maroke e rongoatia ki roto i te whakamaroke mō te neke atu i te 36 hāora. Me pupuri kia pumau ngā tawhā o te rapa o roto i te wā e whakamahine ana i te wera, te whakaputa angiangi, te pēhi papa, te rokiroki, me ētahi atu, me te kore e kitea he rerekētanga; i te wā e whakamomona ana, me pupuri kia kore e piko te pokepokea me te takirere, ā, me whakahaere tika te pāmahana, te pēhanga me te wā whakamomona. Me heu te raro me te taha o te papa rapa takirere kia rite te hohonu, me horoi pai te paura rapa ki te penehīni i te wā e heu ana, ā, me whakahaere tika te kukū me te tawhiti o te whakapiri piri, kia kore ai e pāngia te pūwero o roto o te rapa me te takirere e te mahi. Te piri o te waha.
Hei karo i te parahanga tuarua o te takirere me te rapa/pepa o roto o te pūwero, me pupuri te rūma maimoatanga waikawa o te takirere, te oumu, te whakamaroke, te whakarite kiriata pūwero o roto, me te mīhini whakamomona papatahi me te tēpu mahi kia ma, kia kore he puehu, he hinu rānei; kia iti iho i te 60% te haumākū o te taiao, ā, ka taea te tahuri i te whakamahana, i te whakamaroke rānei hei whakatikatika ina teitei te haumākū.
5. Te Whakamutunga
Ahakoa he hononga noa iho te piri i waenganui i te takirere me te pūwero o roto i te hanga o te ngongo o roto, he pānga nui tō te mowhiti ki te mahi haumaru me te roa o te ora o te ngongo o roto. Nō reira, me tātari ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te piri i waenganui i te takirere me te pūwero o roto, me te tango i ngā otinga kua whakaritea hei whakapai ake i te kounga whānui o te ngongo o roto.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-03-2022
