1. Whakarāpopototanga
He hua rapa angiangi te ngongo o roto, ā, ka puta mai ētahi hua para i te wā o te tukanga whakaputa, kāore e taea te whakataurite ki te potae o waho, engari ko tōnangā takirerekei te ora tonu, ā, ka taea te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i ēnei takirere mō te hanga ngongo o roto. Kua whakahaerehia e tā mātou kamupene ētahi whakamātautau mō te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i ngā takirere ngongo o roto, engari he kino te āhua o ngā takirere hangarua, ā, he iti te kaha o te here i waenga i te turanga takirere me te papa rapa, ā, me whakamahi anō i mua i te whakamahinga.
Mā tēnei mahi ka whakapai ake i te tukanga hangarua o ngā para me ngā takirere ngongo o roto hapa, kia iti ake ai te para me te whakapai ake i ngā painga ōhanga o ngā umanga.
2. Tātari Raru
Te tukanga hangarua o ngā para taketake me ngā para hapangā takirere ngongo o rotokoia tēnei: para me ngā takirere ngongo o roto hapa → tahunga → maimoatanga waikawa → whakamomona aratau-kotahi (ngā papa piri) → ngā huruhuru i runga i ngā papa rapa.
Ko ngā raruraru o te tukanga kua whakahuatia ake nei koia ēnei.
(1) Ka nui te parahanga o te taiao i te tahunga o ngā para me ngā takirere ngongo o roto he hapa. Ka ngāwari te whakapēhanga o te tinana takirere hangarua, ā, he paru te āhua. He uaua ki te horoi i te wā e tukatukahia ana te waikawa, ā, he ngāwari hoki te parahanga o ētahi atu tukanga.
(2) Hei whakahaere i te tango me te tango i te takirere, ko te hoahoa taketake o te pokepokea whakamomona he pokepokea kotahi, ka wehea kia 3 ngā wāhanga. He roa te wā e pau ana ki te whakamomona aratau-kotahi, he iti te whai huatanga, he nui te kaha o te mahi me te whakapaunga hiko, ā, he ngāwari te mata o waho o te takirere whakamomona ki ngā rīpene rapa tāpiri, ka takai te waha o te waha i te rapa, ā, kāore te kounga o te āhua o te takirere e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Kāore hoki te kaha piri o te papa piri i te pumau.
(3) Ko ngā raruraru o te whakakoi ā-ringa i te papa rapa he nui te kaha o te mahi, he iti te whai huatanga, me te mata whakakoi koretake, ka pā ki te hononga o te papa rapa me te rauemi rapa o te ngongo o roto.
3 Te pānga whakapai ake
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 i te tinana o te pūwero i whakahokia mai i mua atu, ā, i muri mai i te whakapainga o te tukanga e whai ake nei. E kitea ana i te Pikitia 2 he mārama te ma o te tinana o te pūwero i rongoatia e te tukanga whakapai ake, ā, tata tonu te tinana o te pūwero. Nā te whakapainga o te tukanga, ka iti ake te nui o te waikawa me te wai e whakamahia ana, ā, ka iti ake te parahanga o te taiao, ā, ka taea te hangarua i te papa rapa kua tapahia hei hanga rapa kua whakahokia mai.
I mua i te whakapainga, he ngoikore te pānga whakawhiti wera o te pokepokea ai, ā, e 15 meneti te roa o te whakamomona. E ai ki ngā tikanga whakahaere o te whakamomona papatahi o nāianei, e 4 noa ngā takirere ka taea te whakamomona i te wā kotahi, ā, tata ki te 16 ngā takirere ka taea te whakaputa i ia hāora, kāore i roto i tēnei te wā uta pokepokea ai. Ki te pokepokea whakakotahi kua whakarerekētia, e 5 meneti noa te roa o te whakamomona, e 25 ngā takirere ka taea te whakamomona i ia wā, ā, tata ki te 300 ngā takirere ka taea te whakaputa i ia hāora. He ngāwari te tāuta me te tango, ā, he iti te kaha o te mahi.
Mā te pokepokea me te mīhini tango i ngā parāoa kua whakarerekētia, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā takirere tika me ngā takirere piko, ā, he rite tonu ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga. Kāore he rerekētanga kitea o te āhua me te kounga o roto i waenga i ngā takirere kua hangarua me te whakamahi anō e te tukanga kua whakapaitia me ngā takirere hou. E whakaatu ana ngā hua whakamātautau ko te kaha here toharite i waenga i te turanga takirere me te papa rapa kua hangarua e te tukanga kua whakapaitia ko te 12.8 kN m-1, ko te kaha here toharite i waenga i te turanga takirere hou me te papa rapa ko te 12.9 kN m-1. E hiahiatia ana e ngā paerewa umanga kia kaua e iti iho i te 7 kN·m-1 te kaha here.
I muri i te neke atu i te tekau tau o te whanaketanga tere, kua kaha te umanga takirere o Haina ki te ao. I tēnei wā, neke atu i te 70% o te katoa o ngā takirere o te ao e hangaia ana e tōku whenua, koia te tuatahi i roto i te hanga me te hoko o ngā takirere o te ao. Hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā mākete o te whare me te ao whānui, kua piki haere te tere o ngā takirere kore-ngū. I te tau 2015, neke atu i te haurua o te katoa o ngā takirere e hangaia ana e ngā takirere kore-ngū. Ko te nui o te tono o te mākete o te whare kei te whakatairanga tonu i te whanaketanga o te ahumahi.
Ko te hiahia mō te mākete takirere e wehea ana ki te mākete OEM me te mākete AM. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga hou ko te takirere hau he wāhanga haumaru nui o te waeine wira motuka. Nā te mea kua roa e tū ana ki waho, me tu atu ki ngā momo pirau taiao kino. Ko te tikanga ka whakakapia ngā takirere i ngā wā tirotiro ā-tau me te whakakapinga potae, nō reira he nui ake te hiahia mō ngā takirere i te mākete AM i tērā i te mākete OEM.
4. Te Whakamutunga
Mā te hangarau kua whakapaitia, mena kāore anō kia whakapōturitia te tinana o te takirere, ka taea te hangarua. Ko te kounga o ngā takirere hau hangarua e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te whakamahinga, ka taea te whakaiti i te kai o ngā rauemi mata me te pūngao, te whakaiti i te utu whakaputa o ngā ngongo o roto, me te whakapai ake i ngā painga ōhanga o ngā umanga.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-02-2022
